Summary: Orthopedic procedures are a significant cause of iatrogenic peripheral nerve injuries, often resulting from direct surgical trauma during fracture fixation, joint arthroplasty, or mass excisions. These injuries can lead to motor and/or sensory deficits, with the radial, ulnar and peroneal nerves being most commonly affected. Surgical interventions include neurolysis, nerve grafting (often using sural nerve autografts), direct suture, and nerve transfers, with the goal of restoring nerve function and reducing pain. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for optimal recovery. However, outcomes can vary, and functional recovery isn't always guaranteed.